![]() Outcomes, however, depend very much on how early the cancer is detected. Five-year survival rates in the United States are 68%. Treatment may consist of some combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Cervical cancer screening using the Pap test or acetic acid can identify precancerous changes, which when treated, can prevent the development of cancer. Other methods of prevention include having few or no sexual partners and the use of condoms. As a risk of cancer still exists, guidelines recommend continuing regular Pap tests. HPV vaccines protect against two to seven high-risk strains of this family of viruses and may prevent up to 90% of cervical cancers. Medical imaging is then done to determine whether or not the cancer has spread. Diagnosis is typically by cervical screening followed by a biopsy. About 90% of cervical cancer cases are squamous cell carcinomas, 10% are adenocarcinoma, and a small number are other types. Cervical cancer typically develops from precancerous changes over 10 to 20 years. Genetic factors also contribute to cervical cancer risk. Other risk factors include smoking, a weak immune system, birth control pills, starting sex at a young age, and having many sexual partners, but these are less important. HPV 16 and 18 strains are responsible for nearly 50% of high grade cervical pre-cancers. Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) causes more than 90% of cases most who have had HPV infections, however, do not develop cervical cancer. ![]() While bleeding after sex may not be serious, it may also indicate the presence of cervical cancer. Later symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse. Early on, typically no symptoms are seen. It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy Ĭervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix. Regular cervical screening, HPV vaccines, sexual intercourse with condoms, sexual abstinence Smoking, weak immune system, birth control pills, starting sex at a young age, many sexual partners or a partner with many sexual partners Ĭervical screening followed by a biopsy Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, others Later: vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, pain during sexual intercourse
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